Mortgage lenders are concerned with your ability to repay the mortgage. To decide if you qualify for a loan on a new home, they will consider your credit history, your monthly gross income and how much cash you will be able to accumulate, or have accumulated, for a down payment. So how much house can you afford? To know that, you need to understand a concept called “debt-to-income ratios.”
Debt-to-income ratios
The basic types of debt to income ratios are known as front end and back end ratios. The front-end ratio is the amount of house debt versus the total gross income. The back-end ratio is the total debt management with house and all other debt versus monthly gross income.
Front-end ratio: The housing expense, or front-end, ratio shows how much of your gross (pretax) monthly income would go toward the mortgage payment. As a general guideline, your monthly mortgage payment, including principal, interest, real estate taxes and homeowners insurance, should not exceed 28 percent of your gross monthly income. To calculate your housing expense ratio, multiply your annual salary by 0.28, then divide by 12 (months). The answer is your maximum housing expense ratio.
Front-end ratio
Maximum housing expense ratio = annual salary x 0.28 / 12 (months)
Back-end ratio: The total debt-to-income, or back-end, ratio, shows how much of your gross income would go toward all of your debt obligations, including mortgage, car loans, child support and alimony, credit card bills, student loans and condominium fees. In general, your total monthly debt obligation should not exceed 36 percent of your gross income. To calculate your debt-to-income ratio, multiply your annual salary by 0.36, then divide by 12 (months). The answer is your maximum allowable debt-to-income ratio.
Back-end ratio
Maximum allowable debt-to-income ratio = annual salary x 0.36 / 12 (months)
Example
Take a homebuyer who makes $80,000 a year. The maximum amount for monthly mortgage-related payments at 28 percent of gross income is $1866. ($80,000 times 0.28 equals $22,400, and $22,400 divided by 12 months equals $1866.66.)